Great damage in environment can be caused by pipeline leakage, the explosive oil pool and cloud of steam explosive will cause serious casualties and economic losses, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted a lot of research on the danger of oil pipeline leakage, but the petroleum pollutants migration laws are restricted by specific environmental conditions, therefore, the relationship between pollutant migration migration laws and the factors affecting its diffusion effect has became the most important research direction. Explosion of oil vapor cloud is heavy gas diffusion, The diffusion range is concentrated in the near ground and is greatly affected by environmental factors. The simulation study confirmed that the TNO multi⁃energy method is more suitable for the outdoor explosion evaluation of open fire than the TNT equivalent method, and the steam cloud of different components has different hazard ranges. The simulation of the pool fire caused by the explosion is mainly to study the influence of various factors on the combustion characteristics and the extent of damage; and whether the conclusions from the small⁃scale oil pool test can be used for larger⁃scale pool fires needs further demonstration. The simulation model is corrected by the on⁃site big data of accident, and the simulation accuracy is improved, in order to provide theoretical support for the study of the explosive combustion characteristics and the enterprise prediction of the hazard range.